Health care

symptoms of typhoid, Typhoid fever

 Typhoid : what is typhoid ? Sign, Symptoms and lifecycle with proper prevention and treatment of typhoid deasease in human body. 


Typhoid fever , Is a common bacterial deasease, which transmitted by the ingestion of food and water contaminated with the faeces  of an infected person, which contain the Salmonella typhi, serotype Typhi  bacterium.





This disease also known as slow fever , pythogenic fever, remittaut fever etc.

The impact of this disease fell sharply with the application of morden sanitation techniques.



Life cycle, Symptoms and signs of typhoid disease 

The typhoid disease can be divided into four stages, each one can lasting approximately 7 days. In the first 7 days, the temperature rises slowly with increasing in amount of caugh and headache.

A bloody nose is seen and abdominal pain may occurs. The classic Widal test is negative in the first week.


In the next 7 days of infection, the patient lies with high fever and bradycardia, classically with a dicrotic pulse wave . Delirium is frequent. This delirium gives to typhoid the nickname of "nervous fever".

The abdomen is distended and painful in right lower quadrant.

Diarrhea can occur in this stage:6 to 8 stools in a day ,green with a characteristic smell,

The Widal reaction is strongly positive with anyi O and anti H antibodies.

The person affecting this disease can feel the fever usually rises in the afternoon upto first and 2nd week.


After second week of thyroid fever , more complications are occurs:

  1. A very serious complications is Intestinal perforations in the distal ileum.
  2. Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested peyer's patches.
  3. Neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  4. Metastatic abscesses,like,cholecystitis etc.
In the third the fever is very high ,But the end of the third week fever will start reducing.

Prevention of typhoid disease

Typhoid doesn't affect any animals and therefore transmission of bacteria from affected human to healthy human.


Environments where human faeces or urine are able to come into contact with food or drinking water is the main sou
rce of typhoid.





Clean food preparation and washing of hands can prevented you from typhoid disease.

Getting a typhoid fever inoculation.

Keeping away from food that is crude or half-cooked. 

Drinking just filtered water or water that has been bubbled. 

Completely washing your hands each time prior to eating. 

Staying away from crude leafy foods that can't be stripped.



Treatment of typhoid

Typhoid fever in most  cases is not  fatal. Antibody,such as chloramphenicol,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,Amoxicillin are commonly used to treat typhoid fever.


Some antibiotics help as a treatment of typhoid


Ciprofloxacin (Cipro).  This is used as a drugs to treat the typhoid disease.


Azithromycin (Zithromax). This may be used if a person is unable to take ciprofloxacin or the bacteria are resistant to ciprofloxacin.


Ceftriaxone. This injectable antibiotic is an alternative this is most useful for children.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is usually indicated in case of intestinal perforations.


Symptoms of filariasis with proper treatment and control measures.

Causes of filariasis


The disease filariasis is caused by filarial worms.

 The adult worms are slender and thread like in appearance and live in the lymph glands and lymph vessel of man.the female is larger than male. The female measures 100mm in length and 0.25mm in diameter whereas the male are only 40mm in length and 0.1mm in diameter.



The tail of male is coiled and with two unequal spicules.These two spicules help in the process of copulation. There body colour is creamy white.

The anterior  end of the parasite is swollen slightly and without lips.

Certain species of culex mosquito bring about transmission of the parasites from inflected person to healthy person.




LIFE CYCLE


The life cycle of falaria bancrofti is digenetic involving two hosts: man and female culex Mosquito. Following mating the female worm lays eggs which hatches to give rise to larvae or juveniles called microfilaria.  Each microfilaria is enclosed in a declicate sheath and measures about 0.22mm in length. The microfilaria show nocturnal periodicity i.e., they appear in peripheral circulation of man between 10p.m and 4p.m but live in deeper blood vessels during the day time.






Further development of microfilaria occurs if they are sucked by mosquito species of culex which act as vectors. In mosquito two moultongs there.it is the infective stage which requires two weeks time for development. Then they migrate to the labium of mosquito when the inflected mosquito bites a healthy person the microfilaria get under the skin and later migrate into the lymphatic system of man. In the host body the adults live upto about 4 to 5 years.




SYMPTOMS OF FILARIA


The adult worms obstruct the lymph vessels and cause some inflammation. This causes increase amount of protein to enter the area and excessive growth of connective tissue. These cause enlargement of arms, legs, scrotum, epididymis etc.

Extreme enlargement of legs is known as elephantiasis.the patient suffer from periodic fever associated with headache and mental depression.



TREATMENT OF FILARIA


To destroy the microfilaria an antimony compound Neostibosan is used as  an effective drug.  Arsenamide is also used.

The arsenamide are given intravenously.  Diethyl carbamozine is used against adults and microfilaria.


PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES


1. To control mosquito population mosquito breading ground should be destroyed. This is achieved by spraying DDT., Grammaxene etc.

2.At the time of sleeping mosquito net should be used.

3. Mosquito can be prevented from biting by use of mosquito repellents, lotions etc.

4. By taking heterazan drug filariasis can be prevented. 

What is malaria , treatment of malaria and control measures?

 Malaria


Plasmodium vivax or malaria parasites is an intercellular blood parasites of man  which causes malaria in human being.


Discovery


Charles laveran(1880) discovered plasmodium in the blood of a malaria patients.In the year 1895 Ronald Ross,an Indian army doctor discovered the oocyst of plasmodium in the stomach of the female anopheles mosquito.

Life cycle   The life cycle of plasmodium is completed the body of two host such as male and female anopheles mosquito. hence, the life cycle is digenetic.

Mode of infection 


When an infected female anopheles mosquito bites a healthy person to suck blood, it injects the sporozoites(infective stage)into the human blood along with its saliva. Sporozoites are  inoculated in thousands into the human blood. A sporozoite is microscopic, slender and sickle shaped animalcule.Two secretary gland are present at the anterior end which are believed to help in penetrations into the cell.



      

Life style

The asexual life cycle in man is called schizogony. It is divided into 3 phases (a)pre-erythrocytic schizogony,(b)exo-erythrocytic schizogony,(c)erythro-cytic schizogony. The sporozoite is the infective stage . while sucking blood an infected mosquito injects the sporozoites into the body of man.

The sporozoite enter the liver to carry on pre and exo -erthrocytic schizogony.for this two cycle large number of merozite are produced.

They enter R.B.C to carry on erythrocytic schizogony. This erythrocytic cycle is repeated in every 48 hours which coincides with the appearance of symptoms of malaria. Some of the merozites produced by erythrocytic cycle never attack fresh R.B.C.  They wait for the mosquito to be sucked. They are of two types: male and female gametocytes. They carry on sexual reproduction inside the stomach of mosquito.

The sexual part of the life cycle occurs in the body of mosquito in low temperature.

After entering into the stomach of mosquito, the male or microgametocyte produces 4-8microgametes. This process occurs through exflagellation. The female or macrogametocyte produces only one macrogamete. A microgamete fuss with a macrogamete to form zygote. and finally occyst divided to form sporoblast.Each sporoblast produce large number of sporozoites. This process is known as sporogony.


When the inflected mosquito bites a healthy man the sporozoites are injected along with the saliva.




Types of malaria

Types of malaria.four species of plasmodium causes malaria in human beings. Each species has specific incubation period.

1-Benign Tertian malaria: It is also simple called Tertian malaria. As it is caused by p.vivax, it can be called vivax malaria.in this incubation period is 14 days and the recurrence of fever is after every 48 hours. This types of malaria death rate is low.


2-Quartan Malaria: It is also called subclinical malaria and caused by p.malariae. incubation period is 28 days.


3-Mild Tertian Malaria: it is also known as ovale malaria as it is caused by p.ovale. this types of malaria resembles to Tertian malaria. Incubation period is 14 days and the fever recurs every 48 hours or third day.


4- Malignant Tertian Malaria: it is also called pernicious malaria and it's caused by p.falciparum. the incubation period is 12 days . And the re recurrence of fever occurs every 48 hours.date rate is highest in this case.


Treatment 


The treatment of malaria by inoculation or vaccination is not possible because the paracite does not produce antibody in human body.

So that quinine was is the effective antimalaria drug used for malaria.


Prevention


  Malaria can be prevented by following below steps.


  1. Use of drugs.
2-Defence against mosquito bites.
3-Mosquito net should be used during night.
4-used anti mosquito Cream.
5-pproper drainage of stagnant water.


Control measures
  • To control malaria adult Anopheles mosquito are destroyed by spraying insecticide like D.D.T.,Grammaxene.
  • The mosquito larvae and pupae grow in stagnant water.
  • The helpful thing is that  use  Grmbusia affinis in water where mosquito larvae developed.


What is common cold with symptoms and possible treatment?

 Causes of common cold

The virus

One reason why there is no cure for common cold deasease is that more than 200different viruses can cause cold symptoms.such as rhinovirus,seldom produce serious illnesses.

Other ,such as respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),produce mild infections in adult but can lead to severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children.

Rhinovirus cause an estimated 30 to 50 percent of all colds.Scientists have identified more than 100 district rhinovirus types. Rhinovirus grow best at temperature of about 91°F.

Scientists  think 🤔 coronaviruses cause about 10 to 15 percent of all adult colds.They bring on cold primarily in the winter and early spring.

Research still haven't identified the causes of 20to 30 percent of adult of colds, presumed to be viral.

The cold season


Seasonal changes in relative humidity also may affect the occurrence of colds. The most common cold-causing viruses survive better when humidity is low. Cold weather also may make the inside lining of your nose drier and more vulnerable to viral infections.

Other factors 

Although a connection exits between the number of cases of the common cold and the fall and winter season,there is no experimental evidence that exposure to cold temperatures increase the chances of getting a cold.

On the other hand, several reasearch studies show that people who exercise regularly have a significantly reduced number of respiratory tract infections,such as common cold, compared with those who don't exercise.


Symptoms of common cold 

Symptoms of common cold usually begin 2 to 3 days after infections.

  • Mucus buildup in the nose
  • Difficulty breathing through nose
  • Swelling of sinuses
  • Sneezing
  • Cough
  • Headache
  • Tiredness
Although fiver also common thing .

Treatment of common cold 

There is no treatment of common cold ,but you can get relief from your cold symptoms,by following below steps.
  • Resting in bed
  • Drinking plenty of water 💦
  • Gargling with salt water
  • Taking aspirin or acetaminophen_Tylenol
Prevention  

Cold viruses can easily enter into your eyes and nose through hand ,wash hands often and keep the hands away from those areas of your body.


If possible,avoid being close to people who have colds or if you have a cold , avoid close to people.

When you sneeze or cough,cover your nose or mouth and sneeze or cough into your elbow rather than your hand.

Hand washing

Hand washing with soap and water is simplest and of the most effective ways to keep from getting colds or giving them to other..




Disinfecting

Rhinoviruses can live up to 3 hours on your skin or on objects. Cleaning these environmental surface in your home or place of work with a virus-killing disinfectant might help prevent the spread of infection.

Vaccine

Because so many different viruses can cause the common cold ,the outlook for developing a vaccine that will prevent spreading of  all of them is quite a challenge.

Alternative medicine

Echinacea- Echinacea is a herbal supplement that some people use to treat their colds.
Vitamin c-    many people are convinced that taking large quantities of vitamin c will prevent colds.
Honey-some people use honey to  treat coughs and to soothe a sore throat.


How to lose weight fast without exercise and gym?

Lose weight without exercise and gym



 Here's the means by which you can lose as much as 20 pounds of weight this coming year that doesn't include any sort of activity, no consuming less calories of any sort, and no eating routine pills. Anybody can do it paying little heed to age, sex, or current wellness level. You don't need to do incalculable sit-ups, or innumerable long periods of weight preparing or cardio. You don't need to eat hare food, and you certainly don't need to take any costly pills. 


This technique for how to get more fit without working out, consuming less calories, or taking pills isn't a prevailing fashion. It is as strong today as it will be in seven days, in about a year, hell, even 10 years from now. On the off chance that the entirety of this appears to be unrealistic, perused on you you'll before long be persuaded. 


I'm going to uncover this weight reduction technique to you, above all, let me give you some foundation data. The normal American at present burn-through about 10% of their calories from sweet soft drinks. In the event that you eat the normal 2000 calories each day, 200 of those come from sugar filled soft drinks. 


Soft drinks contain what are regularly known as "void calories." They're designated "void" since they offer no nourishing benefit. Despite what might be expected, these calories as a rule wind up going to your waistline, or hips put away as terrible fat. 


Presently we should do some straightforward math. In the event that 200 of your every day caloric admission come from pop, one month's worth amounts to around 6,000 calories. Throughout a year, you will have burned-through around 73,000 calories from sweet pop! 


How about we continue to do math. Fat contains 3,500 calories. Thus, in the event that you needed to lose a pound of fat, you'd need to consume off these 3,500 calories somehow or another, generally from work out. You could likewise lose these equivalent calories by eliminating your day by day caloric admission, or by slimming down. You could likewise have a go at consuming these calories by utilizing some sort of costly, thermogenic (fat-consuming) pills. There is another way... 


Suppose that you quit drinking soft drink for the following year, what amount fat might you actually lose? We previously crunched the numbers above and we realize that on the off chance that you cut out the soft drink for the following year, you'd be saving yourself 73,000 calories. How does this compare to fat misfortune? All things considered, 73,000 (calories from soft drink in one year) isolated by 3,500 (calories in a pound of fat) approaches right around 21 pounds of fat lost. 


So in the event that you need to realize how to shed pounds without working out, eating less junk food, or pills, start by applying the straightforward number related I depicted previously. It may take a smidgen of determination, yet isn't it great to be 20 pounds lighter one year from now without doing whatever else. You don't need to do any extra cardio practices at the rec center. You can continue to eat a similar way. You don't need to purchase anything by any means. Indeed, you'll even set aside all that cash you used to spend on pop while you're consuming that fat off, and losing that weight.

Before others come in here and expect the most exceedingly terrible of you, I'd prefer to bring up the way that we don't have the foggiest idea why you can't work out. 


That being said. Getting in shape without practice isn't normally fitting except if you truly can't. I do what I call my "lethargic" exercises in bed when I'm discouraged or unmotivated with leg lifts and abs however that doesn't mean you can, and I realize that. Yet, my point is, beginning little is vital. You will not be excessively depleted and you will not fear the following day of activity it's in reality lovely agreeable. I say this bc getting in shape without some type of activity and particularly losing it quickly can be awful for your cardiovascular wellbeing. I'm NOT A DOCTOR. 


In any case, in the event that you can't practice by any stretch of the imagination, I'd prescribe conversing with your PCP, sorting out what body type you have and going from that point. Everlywell is a spot online where you can purchase at-home tests to check cholesterol, thyroid, digestion, a HBA1C and irritation tests to decide whether you may have fundamental side effects/factors. What's more, I'm not spon. Haha. I super worth the data they give. It's really cool. 


From that point, I'd simply figure out how to eat naturally. Do you eat when you're exhausted? Be aware of that. 


Perhaps you don't have to get more fit so I'm somewhat reluctant to go on. In the event that you could clarify more, I could possibly help. What's your tallness? What amount do you gauge? What's your (general) age range? These factor in to how YOU actually should best get in shape in a solid way. Try not to succumb to pills, starving yourself or some other trend since it ABSOLUTELY DOES NOT WORK. I guarantee. Is it true that you are attempting to get more fit to be solid or bc you feel uncertain? Nobody on this gathering can mention to you what's best for you. We can just mention to you what NOT TO DO. Expectation this leveled a bit. Gifts and go ahead and ask/answer back.

Before others come in here and expect the most incredibly horrible of you, I'd like to raise the way that we don't have even the remotest clue why you can't work out. 


That being said. Getting fit as a fiddle without training isn't ordinarily fitting aside from on the off chance that you really can't. I do what I call my "dormant" practices in bed when I'm debilitate or unmotivated with leg lifts and abs anyway that doesn't mean you can, and I understand that. However, my point is, starting little is crucial. You won't be exorbitantly exhausted and you won't fear the next day of movement it's as a general rule stunning pleasant. I say this bc getting fit as a fiddle without some sort of movement and especially losing it rapidly can be dreadful for your cardiovascular prosperity. I'm NOT A DOCTOR. 


Regardless, if you can't rehearse in any way shape or form, I'd recommend talking with your PCP, figuring out what body type you have and going starting there. Everlywell is a spot online where you can buy at-home tests to check cholesterol, thyroid, processing, a HBA1C and disturbance tests to choose whether you may have principal results/factors. In addition, I'm not spon. Haha. I very worth the information they give. It's truly cool. 


Starting there, I'd essentially sort out some way to eat normally. Do you eat when you're depleted? Know about that. 


Maybe you don't need to get more fit so I'm to some degree hesitant to go on. If you could explain more, I might actually help. What's your height? What sum do you check? What's your (general) age range? These factor in to how YOU really should best get fit as a fiddle in a strong manner. Make an effort not to capitulate to pills, starving yourself or some other pattern since it ABSOLUTELY DOES NOT WORK. I ensure. Is it genuine that you are endeavoring to persuade more fit to be strong or bc you feel unsure? No one on this social event can make reference to you what's best for you. We can simply make reference to you what NOT TO DO. Assumption this evened out a piece. Endowments and feel free to ask/answer back.

How to protect yourself from covid -19?

 Avoidance is superior to fix. This is the most dire need of the day. In actuality, we should all yearn for anticipation from each limitation and restriction of existential life including the most well-known illnesses and the ordinary maturing measure. 



The essential rundown of precautionary measures to forestall the spread of Covid-19 disease is being investigated, counted, and clarified by the World Health Organization (WHO), each Governmental, and each Social media at normal spans. 

Subsequently, I don't want to rehash something very similar here. 

As a clinical specialist, an examination researcher, an educator, and a type of Preventive Medicine, I have chosen to writer my next book, "Divyank: The Perfect Human Being". 



Presently, let me share a brief look at the introduction of the book. 

There is no impact without a reason. Today, the whole world is enduring a result of Covid-19. 

In spite of our profoundly complex clinical hardware, demonstrative methods, and treatment modules, we are discovering it very hard to stop the wild spread of Covid-19. 

Why? 

Since we have conflicted with the Laws of Nature and we are not driving a fit as a fiddle life. An alive and well individual, who can keep a steady and ideal condition of homeostasis of the hundred trillion cells of the human body and wonderful insusceptibility, can without much of a stretch safeguard and shield from each outer factor. The whole human framework is intended for the reason. 

As per Akhand Sutra, for the sake of proof based medication, we are advancing a wide scope of upsides of each indispensable biophysical boundary of human life systems, physiology, natural chemistry, and human brain research. 

Therefore, every astute clinical understudy, specialist, and the patient is confounded. 

We need a solitary, solid, steady, unquestionable, and reliable incentive for each essential biophysical boundary of the human body, which can prompt an ideal condition of homeostasis, coordinated wellbeing, and prosperity. 

I'm sure that with the assistance of wonderful homeostasis, coordinated wellbeing, and prosperity, we can without much of a stretch shorten maturing, forestall most regular illnesses, and utilize the human birth, life, cerebrum, brain, cognizance, and human possibilities. 

Some way or another, we are oblivious of the heavenly plan of the ideal grown-up human life structures, physiology, and natural chemistry. 

Subsequently, we are not a situation to forestall the most widely recognized sicknesses. 

Presently, let us investigate, count, and clarify the ideal heavenly plan of Nature. 

As indicated by accessible writing, the most delightful objects of the universe and Nature are planned with the Fibonacci grouping and the Golden Ratio.

some point that most beneficial for you.



  1. First and common suggestion- Don't go out without mask. And try to avoid going outside without any necessary reason and keep social distancing. Keep sanitize your hands and belongings while you are outside. Immediately wash your hands after coming back to home.
  2. Keep a Oxymeter at your place and regularly measure the spo2 level, it not be less then 95. If it is then you need to take medical help immediately.
  3. Every morning have 4–5 overnight soaked almonds, keep the almonds in water over night and consume them in morning. It will boost up your immunity.
  4. If you are already been caught up by virus drink 1 full size coconut water everyday for atleast 7 days, it will raise up your immunity level.
  5. If you feel feverish take paracetamol only if the temperature raise more than 100° F.

List of some birth control tablets,and it's advantages

 What Are Some Common Names of Birth Control Pills?

Apri

Aviane

Azurette

Balcoltra

Beyaz

Caziant

Cryselle

Gianvi

Junel

Kariva

Kelnor

Levora

Loestrin 24 Fe

Low-Ogestrel

Lutera

Microgestin

Natazia

Nortrel

Ocella

Ogestrel

Ortho-Novum

Portia

Previfem

Safyral

Trivora

Velivet

Yasmin

Yaz

Zarah









Advantages of birth control tablets/pills

Lighter periods, less continuous periods, or perhaps no periods at all relying on the kind of pill taken and dosing plan .


In the event that the anti-conception medication pill is taken accurately, it has an undeniable degree of viability to forestall pregnancy. 

The anti-conception medication pill can diminish substantial dying, torment and seriousness of endometriosis and fibroid tumors .

Skin break out or premenstrual dysphoric issue may improve with some anti-conception medication pills. 

The utilization of the anti-conception medication pill can bring down the danger of pelvic incendiary infection, uterine malignancy and ovarian disease. 


The progestin-just structures might be utilized by ladies who are bosom taking care of or can't utilize estrogen for different reasons.